Research Progress and Analysis on Utilization and Disposal Technologies of Fly Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration in China

The utilization and disposal of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash have become a major global environmental challenge and a key link in reducing hazardous waste landfill ratios and achieving "Zero-Waste City" construction targets. Based on the actual development of technologies for the utilization and disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in China, and in accordance with core objectives, key technical methods and environmental risk control requirements, this paper divides the utilization and disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash in China into three stages, namely "safe landfill", "co-disposal" and "full resource utilization". It systematically sorts out the technologies for the utilization and disposal of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash, relevant laws and regulations, and the construction of environmental risk control systems at each stage, analyzes the performance parameters and key influencing factors of different technologies, and dissects the core problems existing in the disposal modes at each stage. This study can provide a reference for the construction of China's "Zero-Waste City", the improvement of the environmental management system for hazardous waste, and the enhancement of the level of utilization and disposal of hazardous waste.